Exam 2

Identify the nature of proof in Frank's monologue, siting evidence he used in Charlie's defense. 15 Points

Logos, Pathos and Ethos are all represented in Frank's monologue. I will illustrate that below.

Logos applies to reason. It is factual information as well as logic. Frank "warms up" by stating that it is wrong for the boy that decided to stay and face the consequences to be in such trouble, and for the boys who ran like cowards to not suffer any consequence. This is a logical statement and the direction of the court’s ruling seems unfair to the viewer after Frank points this out. Next he uses pathos which applies to emotions. Often times creating a "sympathy" effect. He does this by stating to the audience that someone offered to buy Charlie’s soul.  Lastly ethos is used. Ethos is appeal to ethics. Frank shows his audience that he is creditable and has a good character by talking about himself, who he once used to be, and referring to the things he has seen.

Of the four styles of dramatic or vicarious proof, which did Frank exploit to turn attitudes around about Charlie? How did this style function in terms of reason? 25 Points

Frank gave his testimony of Charlie by saying he has, "seen boys like these...their legs ripped off"...and then he says there is nothing like the sight of an amputated spirit. This statement in his testimony is very powerful and has the ability to sway the decisions of the court because it appeals to their emotions.

What cultural myths or images were employed to increase the appeal of Frank's argument? How did this influence his attempted shift of opinion? 20 Points

The cultural myth that best fits this situation for me was the value of a challenge. I appreciated the way Frank illustrated Charlie having the bravery to stay and face the consequences of what they had done as opposed to running like his piers did. This was very powerful for me. It showed that there should be a reward for people who are willing to stick out a challenge and not just take the easy way out.

Which of Reich's parables apply or applies to Frank's reasoning? 5 Points

The triumphant Individual best fits for Franks Reasoning because Charlie took a risk and did the honorable thing. He believed in himself and did the right thing, though he knew it would be the tougher route. In the end, I am sure Charlie comes out triumphant.

What was Frank's reasoning in terms of logical appeal? 10 Points

Frank argues from authority. In his monologue he states, "Do you know who you are talking to?" and then he continues on as mentioned in one of the above questions to state all he has seen and done. He establishes dominance and then states his opinion. Parallel reasoning is also used as he compares Charlie’s noble decision to stay and face the consequences to his friend’s decisions to run. He parallels the two different types of people by contrasting their different belief systems.

How did Frank's paralinguistic impact his expression and the meaning of his words? Please specific examples – three will do. 25 Points

Frank was very powerful in his presentation of his speech for many reasons. I will list the three that affected me the most below.

1. Frank uses questions to make his point. For example, "and what are you doing? You are going to reward George and destroy Charlie." Questions like these make very strong points and accuse the judge of being wrong in a subtle, yet more effective way.

2. Frank uses a lot of symbolism and analogies. An example of this is when he refers to the boys and "Minos". This creates good imagery and helps the viewers to better understand the weight of the situation. He does such with pauses in his speech that add to the effectiveness of his statements by giving the viewer time to process.

3. Often times at the end of Franks sentences he raises his voice or draws out the word longer than it needs to be, this adds emphasis to the points he is making.

Out Line

Gap Years in America

Specific Purpose:
Motivation
Enthusiasm
Better understanding of one’s self
Gain life experience, direction and maturity

Thesis Statement: If gap years where more widely accepted in America then young adults would be more sucessful and happy in their life choices as they would be more educated when picking a career and degree, as well as do better in school because they have passion. Students would learn confidence and adaptation and lastly they would learn helpful knowledge about themselves, knowing what is important in life far before most do.

I. Introduction

A. Attention-Getting Step:(stories from blog)

B. Tie to Audience:

What is a gap year?

Travel, work, take extra classes in the arts, service

(they would get it right the first time! took 6 years of switching majors)

C. Credibility Material:

American Gap Association 294% increase of interest since 2010

Show charts.


D. Thesis & Preview: (The preview includes your three platforms)

If gap years where more widely accepted in America then young adults would be more sucessful and happy in their life choices as they would be more educated when picking a career and degree as well as do better in school because they have passion

They would learn confidence and adaptation

Lastly they would learn helpful knowledge about themselves, knowing what is important in life far before most do.


(Transition into Body of Speech)


II. Body

A. Main Point #1 -- Need

(students are spending to much time and money on college)
You will realize your passions BEFORE you start college.

You will be able to better pick a degree.

You will be more passonate about that degree.


1.(Statement of Need for Action)

More programs supporting gap year in America need to be implemented

a.(Description of Problem)

Young adults are feeling burned out and starting college with out life experience and before they know what they want to do with their lives. Students need to be able to feel like they can choose and create their own lives and have the knowledge and life experience to do so.


b.(Signs, Symptoms, Effects of Problem)

Burn out comes from the high stress and competition in high school transitioning to college. In our society the norm is after hs you go straight to college but this has students starting college with out a desired major. The end result of this is frusteration and money spent on a degree that possibly wont serve them well.


c.(Example, Narrative, or Testimony)
When I first started college I was going into integrated studies and to be honest I dont even remember in what....because I didnt know who I was. I switched majors three times. I spent two extra years at college. I had a mid life crisis and quit...leaving my scholarship behind. I could have had all my school paid for.


b.(Facts/Statistics)

studies by the American Gap association have shown that 90% of studnets that take a gap year return to a university

Students are better able to pick a university based on their needs, and are graduating and even on time!

Students take ownership of their education and get more involved on campus.


3. (Who is Affected)

Of course, parents struggle with this idea. They raise their children to be confident and to make decisions on their own and have a rough time letting their children make the choice on their own explore themselves for fear they may never return. As mentioned before studies are showing that this is not the case.


(Transition into Main Point 2)


B. Main Point #2 (Present Solution that Satisfies Need)

1. (Description of Solution)
More and more associations and programs are being developed to help aid students in their persuits. More and more universities are allowing students to defer on behalf of a gap year (5% increase since last year)

The American Gap association for example, offers help on how to get grants, scholarship and tips for saving money to travel. Some programs are able to cover room and board, others are based on what the student can afford financially. Vary from being structured to loose.


a. (How Solution Satisfies Need)


This gives appropraite guidelines for students looking to have an adventure. Sometimes it can be scary to leave the country or travel, these organizations provide a plan.

b. (How Solution can be Implemented)

(1) Enrolll in school before leaving so you know you have something solid to come back too

(2) Plan out what you will be doing and where you will be traveling to (languages, enviroment, culture)

(i) Decide on a form of payment, grants, scholarships, work first.





. Main Point #3 (Visualize Results)

1. Students will return with a renewed sense of detication to their lives!

2. Instead of burn out and indecision. Spend that extra money you will use switching majors and travel!


(Transition into Conclusion)


III. Conclusion

A. Summary:

B. Tie Back to Attention-Getting Step:

C. Call for Action:

I will end by saying tell me what you learned today. Tell me what you loved...that you will never forget. and if you cant think of anything. well then that realization is my point and its time for you to go.

Reich

British Journalist, Johann Hari has spent a total of three years conducting research concerning the drug war. In this ted talk he points out that addiction is not what society thinks it is.

Reich’s cultural parables are used in the delivery of Johann Hari's speech especially the Benevolent Community. The idea of the benevolent community is that society comes together for a common good. This method involves self-sacrifice, connectivity and community pride. Hari uses this method when he describes the way drug addictions should be handled. He states that instead of threatening the human connection, society should really involve that person with connectivity and love more. This creates a non-threatening outlook on life. If the drug addict is able to make connections with society through friends, work and hobbies then they will no longer need to do drugs. This may be a hard request for some individuals with close family members or friends that are addicted, as they will most likely want to combat the situation with restriction, control and even anger. The idea is for the family members and friends to put those emotions and fears aside for the addict and embrace them with love instead. Hari uses both a cognitive effect and receives and affective consequence. He explains why this method works, while still addressing emotion.

One of the process premise used here is consistency. Hari argues that instead of making the social future of the addict’s unknown and threatened as "punishment" for their drug use, it would be more affective to create a consistent environment of love and support. Along with this comes attitudes. The typical attitude towards drug addicts is disgust. Hari pushes the idea that we need to change attitudes towards the drug war in order to win it by stating that the isolation drug addicts receive out of their piers pure disgust only worsens the deeper issue and feeds their addiction.

Park Life Russel Brand (Larsen)

In this clip activist, Russel Brand, the English activist argues against the newly enstated law in Florida stating that no individual is allowed to feed the homeless. He is addressing the incident where an old man gave food to the homeless, in Flordia, and is now facing serious charges including jail time up to 2 months and a 500$ fine.

Brand uses Larsen's persuasion application in several ways. The first way is by applying the wisdom of the rustic which appeals to the idea of a rough start blossoming into a successful ending. Likewise, a lot of emphasis is put on the wisdom of the old with this idea.  Brand describes the old man as being a veteran several times. In fact, he refers to the mans as "the lovely veteran old man". Brand also exemplifies the good characteristics the man has developed from the trail of the war the old man experienced. This shows that the old man was able to emerge through trial (the war) to sucess (the good deed he performed by feeding the homeless). Brand argues that the old man should not be punished for doing what is essentially, a good deed by bringing up values like compassion and the right for every human being to have a home. Brand points out the fact that though the general public does not like seeing homeless people on the streets, they have no where else to go due other laws. He states if there is no where to reside because of all the laws then there will be "park life" meaning people sleeping on the benches. At this point he uses the possibility of sucess by mentioning the protest that will be happening against the law raising rent at a paticular apartment complex. Brand states all the things wrong with the law, and then gives hope by saying there is a place one can go to protest against these wrong doings! Lastly Brand uses the presence of conspiracy by stating that the system is currupt. He makes an attempt at upsetting the public by showing how "un fair" things have become. He states that it is unfair to keep a law in place (making it unchangable) for the purpose of simply preventing society from feeding the homeless, but okay a law that states that you dont have to disclose where one gets their funding from from elections. Brand points out that 4 billion dollars is spent on campaighning, an amount that could greatly benefit the homeless problem. He states that the same rich coorperations that are complaining about the homeless are also funding the elections to ensure the person that would favor their bussiness more wins. The poor people become poorer and the rich become richer as a result. Brand ties up the argument by stating that it is an unfair system with un fair rules.
This argument creates a congnitive affect. It states a problem that the public is well aware of, but presents new information from a different point of view. Brand uses anger, frusteration and compassion to prove his point of the government being currupt.
Brand uses process premise through out the argument. The use of needs is very apparent as the topic is centered around not having what one needs as human. It appeals to the public by threatening their emotional security and tapping into their guilt emotions.
Brand was successful in his argument. Not only did he use several persuasive tools we have talked about in class, but he also made it very intertaining to watch. It was a casual appoach to a big problem that could have been addressed with more structure however, that is what makes it so interesting.

Test #1

Identify what you feel are the ethics of the presentation. What does the narrator lend to its ethics?

The ethics of this presentation weight heavy on the basic ideas of the roles and responsibilities as a farmer. The farmer is depicted as hard working, loyal and outstanding citizen. These are all qualities that America was founded on. The voice in the commercial reminds me of a religious type ceremony which instills a feeling of trust, even importance, in what is being said. It is interesting to me that at the very end they show the big nice truck. In comparison to everything else, it is the most aesthetically pleasing aspect. This glorifies the farmer, setting high standards for the farmer, and viewers of the farmer.

Identify central and peripheral route attempts of the film.

Center:  The fact that we as a nation, need farmers is shown often. A religious standpoint is taken, including hard work and family values. This ties into the peripheral route by creating such a stark contrast between the ability to be strong, and gentle is a common theme throughout. It points out the difficult and the sweet points of being a farmer while at the same time exemplifying the fact that not many people have what it takes to be a farmer.

Define the proofs- pathos, logos and ethos – that function in the narrative.

Pathos: Pathos is represented in the emotion of the clip. Emotion is noted in the narrator when he talks about religion, god and family. These are all aspects of life that are very relatable. Once the viewer realizes that these elements of their own lives are dependent on the farmer, they feel pride in how hard he works and a possible sense of empathy.

Logos: Logos relates to logic. The narrator gives a lot of detail and facts concerning the life of a farmer. These are what make the viewer realize how important farmers are. Logos acts as the light bulb for the viewers of this clip.

Ethos: Applies to ethics. In this clip we see that the narrator seems to know what he is talking about. He seems very creditable. At the end of the clip the viewer trust the narrators opinion so when the truck appears, the viewer feels it is a necessary component of the farm life.

Discuss the epistemic perspective of the proofs you've identified and how these function to reach the communicative effects of the film.

The farmer experiences validation in how hard he works through the hyped images of the American farmer shown in the commercial. The viewer experiences what is like to be a farmer through the perspective of the commercial with the major points of family and religion.

Discuss the narrative perspective of the proofs you’ve identified and how these functions reach to the communicative effects of the film.

The commercial shows the viewers the side of a farmer’s life that the individual does not think of when they sit down to a family dinner. It illustrated how long a farmers days are and how skilled they actually have to be. By the end of the commercial the farmer has been glorified and it feels like he deserves the truck, almost needs the truck.

Identify one of Reich’s cultural parables in the social and cultural context of the commercial.

            I choose the benevolent community because it’s about Americans helping those in need. The commercial depicts the farmer as being hard working, religious, family oriented and most importantly selfless. As American’s is portrayed that we need people like this so our communities can thrive. This commercial exemplifies the social and cultural qualities that a person has to embody before being a successful farmer.

Discuss how any of Marwell & Schmitt’s Taxonomy of 16 Influences relates to the commercial’s objectives. What are the objectives?

            Moral appeal is very strong in this commercial since it is based on family and religion, the foundation of how America started. This commercial shows the beginning of the American dream, and you want to support that, don’t you?

Apply how the motivational process premises (remember, there are four) create the appeals presented in the commercial.

                Needs: Ego gratification is shown in this commercial targeting the farmers and their families. This commercial makes them look really good, and I am sure it appeals to them. Pride is a powerful emotion. It uses their attitudes towards their religious beliefs to make it seem like they are needed and called upon giving farmers a sense of importance, and once again pride. Lastly the commercial is very reassuring creating consonance in the farmer that he or she is on the right track in life and that buying the truck would only further them.

From a “Needs” premise, which of Packer’s compelling needs best relates?

            Sense of Power! The truck will make a farmer feel more powerful which will result in making them feel safer and successful in their business. Everyone needs reassurance.

From an “Attitudes” premise, what values are extorted visually to resonate within the attitudes, beliefs or opinions of the audience?

            Attitudes towards religion and family are strongly exemplified and glorified in the commercial. The ad shows the best and most heartwarming of both sides of the spectrum in being a farmer which creates warm feelings in the viewer. This creates pride in the community, religion and value of family. This makes the truck the mascot.

Slendertone abs in just 6 weeks!

With the promise of a six pack in just six weeks, Slendertone peeks the individual's interest. Everyone wants to look good, and Slendertone makes it look so easy. The ad implies that Slendertone can even work while reading, or even watching TV. The ease and simplicity of the product make it very appealing.

Slendertone is very persuasive because it uses the individuals insecurities as a trigger. The individual watching the ad is going to experience discomfort if they have a weight problem. The desire to having a "fit body" is most likely a insecurity for them as they have not achieved it thus far in life. In order to get rid of the uncomfortable and insecure feelings the individual will most likely be motivated to purchase the product. As it mentions in BJ Fogg's behavioral theory, the next factor in persuasion after one is triggered and motivation is the ability of the individual. Slendertone has made their product widely available. They mentioned that 2 million people have purchased their product as well as it being popular in over 30 different countries. They even added that their product has been cleared by the FDA making it seem very trustworthy and credible. They show how easy the product is, stating that you can even read, or watch TV while getting a six pack.

Slendertone uses the process premises theory by tapping into the individual's needs. Specifically, emotional security, reassurance of worth and ego-gratification. Emotional insecurity comes into play when the individual is made to feel self conscious by watching the success of others with their six packs. By buying the product, one is able to reverse the insecurity with the notion that they too will have a six pack in a short six weeks. Now the individual is able to have hope, this aids in their emotional security. The hope of gaining a six pack and looking like a stunt double out of a movie gives the anticipation of self worth. This is why so many different types of health products, even gyms, use the saying, "you're worth it." Ego gratification is the last aspect of process premise addressed in Slendertone. The fantasy of looking fit plays into an individual's ego motivating them to reach their goals for the anticipation of how good others will think they look. There are preconceived notions that come along with this ego gratification such as, more friends, better sexual partners, nicer clothes, invites to parties just to name a few. Process premise was used effectively here.